In a scene in Lemonade, Beyoncé is walking down what looks like a city street with a bat and smashes storefront windows and cars parked along the street. See articles below for comparisons of this particular scene in Lemonade and artist Pipilotti Rist's Ever Is Over All.

Video artist Pipilotti Rist's Ever Is Over All (1997)

Articles about directorial and artist references in Lemonade:

Is the new Beyoncé video a tribute to Pipilotti Rist? Phaidon.

Is Beyoncé's Windshield-Destroying Stroll in Lemonade Based on This '90s Art Film? by Mark Joseph Stern. Slate, April 25, 2016.

A Lot of People Are Comparing Beyoncé's 'Lemonade' to Terrence Malick by Sam Adams. Criticwire, April 24, 2016.

Watch: 7-Minute Video Essay Explores The Film Influences Behind Beyonce's 'Lemonade' by Will Ashton. Indiewire, April 27, 2016.

DAUGHTERS OF THE DUST by Julie Dash

DAUGHTERS OF THE DUST (1991) was written, directed, and produced by Julie Dash. It is the first feature-length film directed by an African American woman theatrically distributed in the U.S. DAUGHTERS OF THE DUST tells the story of three generations of Gullah women in the Peazant family on St. Helena Island in 1902 as they prepare to migrate north.

Note: Julie Dash spoke at Johns Hopkins Saturday, April 30th. See Trailblazing filmmaker Julie Dash to visit Johns Hopkins by Bret McCabe, April 27, 2016.

DAUGHTERS OF THE DUST is available for check out at Decker Library.

Relevant articles:

Our Dated Model of Theatrical Release Is Hurting Independent Cinema by Richard Brody. The New Yorker, April 16, 2016.

From this article:

Part of the blame lies with critics—predominantly white critics—who paid no attention. But part of the blame lies with a system of tacit complicity between critics and the industry that poses obstacles to the recognition of independent films.

... After ReRun closed, its place was briefly taken by the Made in NY Media Center by IFP, which has hosted a few theatrical releases but hasn’t done any lately. (Last year, they released “Field Niggas,” which was one of the best documentaries and certainly the most original one to be released last year. It’s directed by Khalik Allah, now one of the cinematographers of “Lemonade.”)

‘Daughters of the Dust,’ a Seeming Inspiration for ‘Lemonade,’ Is Restored by Mekado Murphy. The New York Times, April 27, 2016.

From the article:

Now, the film, which is on DVD only in an out-of-print version, will get new life on the big screen.

The Cohen Film Collection, which maintains a library of classic films, announced on Wednesday that it has completed a digital restoration of “Daughters of the Dust” and plans to release that version theatrically this fall as part of the reopening of the New York art house venue the Quad Cinema. A national rollout and a new Blu-ray version of the film will follow.

EVE'S BAYOU by Kasi Lemmons

EVE'S BAYOU (1997) was by Kasi Lemmons' directorial debut. The story is set in Louisiana in 1962 and is about a family and the father's infidelity. 

EVE'S BAYOU is available for check out at Decker Library.

Mardi Gras Indian at Jazz Fest, 2011. Credit: Tulane Public Relations. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic.

The Mardi Gras Indian of 'Lemonade' by Leah Donnella. Code Switch, National Public Radio (NPR), April 27, 2016.

On the Yoruba People and Art (see also: Literary References):

Followers of the Yoruba Faith Reflect on the Impact of Beyoncé's 'Lemonade' by Amanda Alcantara. Remezcla. April 28, 2018.

On the choreography of Lemonade:

The Lemonade Ballet by Elizabeth Kiem. Medium. April 28, 2016.

On Film Critique

Black Camera: An International Film Journal
Volume 9, Number 1
Fall 2017
Close-Up: Beyoncé: Media and Cultural Icon